定制Patroni
介绍Pigsty提供的Patroni定制选项
Pigsty使用Patroni管理与初始化Postgres数据库集群。
即使您选择不使用Patroni，Pigsty依然会使用Patroni完成数据库集群的初始化工作。
因此您可以通过Patroni配置文件完成一部分PostgreSQL的定制工作。
预制模板
初始化模板是用于初始化数据库集群的定义文件，默认位于roles/postgres/templates/。
Patroni配置文件格式，在有四种预定义好的初始化模板：
oltp.yml常规OLTP模板，默认配置olap.ymlOLAP模板，提高并行度，针对吞吐量优化，针对长时间运行的查询进行优化。crit.yml核心业务模板，基于OLTP模板针对安全性，数据完整性进行优化，采用同步复制，启用数据校验和。tiny.yml微型数据库模板，针对低资源场景进行优化，例如运行于虚拟机中的演示数据库集群。
Patroni配置文件样例
#!/usr/bin/env patroni
#==============================================================#
# File : patroni.yml
# Ctime : 2020-04-08
# Mtime : 2020-12-22
# Desc : patroni cluster definition for {{ pg_cluster }} (oltp)
# Path : /pg/bin/patroni.yml
# Real Path : /pg/conf/{{ pg_instance }}.yml
# Link : /pg/bin/patroni.yml -> /pg/conf/{{ pg_instance}}.yml
# Note : Transactional Database Cluster Template
# Doc : https://patroni.readthedocs.io/en/latest/SETTINGS.html
# Copyright (C) 2018-2021 Ruohang Feng
#==============================================================#
# OLTP database are optimized for performance, rt latency
# typical spec: 64 Core | 400 GB RAM | PCI-E SSD xTB
---
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# identity
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
namespace: {{ pg_namespace }}/ # namespace
scope: {{ pg_cluster }} # cluster name
name: {{ pg_instance }} # instance name
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# log
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
log:
level: INFO # NOTEST|DEBUG|INFO|WARNING|ERROR|CRITICAL
dir: /pg/log/ # default log file: /pg/log/patroni.log
file_size: 100000000 # 100MB log triggers a log rotate
# format: '%(asctime)s %(levelname)s: %(message)s'
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# dcs
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
consul:
host: 127.0.0.1:8500
consistency: default # default|consistent|stale
register_service: true
service_check_interval: 15s
service_tags:
- {{ pg_cluster }}
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# api
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# how to expose patroni service
# listen on all ipv4, connect via public ip, use same credential as dbuser_monitor
restapi:
listen: 0.0.0.0:{{ patroni_port }}
connect_address: {{ inventory_hostname }}:{{ patroni_port }}
authentication:
verify_client: none # none|optional|required
username: {{ pg_monitor_username }}
password: '{{ pg_monitor_password }}'
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ctl
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ctl:
optional:
insecure: true
# cacert: '/path/to/ca/cert'
# certfile: '/path/to/cert/file'
# keyfile: '/path/to/key/file'
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# tags
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
tags:
nofailover: false
clonefrom: true
noloadbalance: false
nosync: false
{% if pg_upstream is defined %}
replicatefrom: {{ pg_upstream }} # clone from another replica rather than primary
{% endif %}
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# watchdog
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# available mode: off|automatic|required
watchdog:
mode: {{ patroni_watchdog_mode }}
device: /dev/watchdog
# safety_margin: 10s
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# bootstrap
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bootstrap:
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# bootstrap method
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
method: initdb
# add custom bootstrap method here
# default bootstrap method: initdb
initdb:
- locale: C
- encoding: UTF8
# - data-checksums # enable data-checksum
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# bootstrap users
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# additional users which need to be created after initializing new cluster
# replication user and monitor user are required
users:
{{ pg_replication_username }}:
password: '{{ pg_replication_password }}'
{{ pg_monitor_username }}:
password: '{{ pg_monitor_password }}'
{{ pg_admin_username }}:
password: '{{ pg_admin_password }}'
# bootstrap hba, allow local and intranet password access & replication
# will be overwritten later
pg_hba:
- local all postgres ident
- local all all md5
- host all all 0.0.0.0/0 md5
- local replication postgres ident
- local replication all md5
- host replication all 0.0.0.0/0 md5
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# template
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# post_init: /pg/bin/pg-init
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# bootstrap config
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# this section will be written to /{{ pg_namespace }}/{{ pg_cluster }}/config
# if will NOT take any effect after cluster bootstrap
dcs:
{% if pg_role == 'primary' and pg_upstream is defined %}
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# standby cluster definition
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
standby_cluster:
host: {{ pg_upstream }}
port: {{ pg_port }}
# primary_slot_name: patroni # must be create manually on upstream server, if specified
create_replica_methods:
- basebackup
{% endif %}
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# important parameters
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# constraint: ttl >: loop_wait + retry_timeout * 2
# the number of seconds the loop will sleep. Default value: 10
# this is patroni check loop interval
loop_wait: 10
# the TTL to acquire the leader lock (in seconds). Think of it as the length of time before initiation of the automatic failover process. Default value: 30
# config this according to your network condition to avoid false-positive failover
ttl: 30
# timeout for DCS and PostgreSQL operation retries (in seconds). DCS or network issues shorter than this will not cause Patroni to demote the leader. Default value: 10
retry_timeout: 10
# the amount of time a master is allowed to recover from failures before failover is triggered (in seconds)
# Max RTO: 2 loop wait + master_start_timeout
master_start_timeout: 10
# import: candidate will not be promoted if replication lag is higher than this
# maximum RPO: 1MB
maximum_lag_on_failover: 1048576
# The number of seconds Patroni is allowed to wait when stopping Postgres and effective only when synchronous_mode is enabled
master_stop_timeout: 30
# turns on synchronous replication mode. In this mode a replica will be chosen as synchronous and only the latest leader and synchronous replica are able to participate in leader election
# set to true for RPO mode
synchronous_mode: false
# prevents disabling synchronous replication if no synchronous replicas are available, blocking all client writes to the master
synchronous_mode_strict: false
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# postgres parameters
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
postgresql:
use_slots: true
use_pg_rewind: true
remove_data_directory_on_rewind_failure: true
parameters:
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# IMPORTANT PARAMETERS
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
max_connections: 400 # 100 -> 400
superuser_reserved_connections: 10 # reserve 10 connection for su
max_locks_per_transaction: 128 # 64 -> 128
max_prepared_transactions: 0 # 0 disable 2PC
track_commit_timestamp: on # enabled xact timestamp
max_worker_processes: 8 # default 8, set to cpu core
wal_level: logical # logical
wal_log_hints: on # wal log hints to support rewind
max_wal_senders: 16 # 10 -> 16
max_replication_slots: 16 # 10 -> 16
wal_keep_size: 100GB # keep at least 100GB WAL
password_encryption: md5 # use traditional md5 auth
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# RESOURCE USAGE (except WAL)
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# memory: shared_buffers and maintenance_work_mem will be dynamically set
shared_buffers: {{ pg_shared_buffers }}
maintenance_work_mem: {{ pg_maintenance_work_mem }}
work_mem: 32MB # 4MB -> 32MB
huge_pages: try # try huge pages
temp_file_limit: 100GB # 0 -> 100GB
vacuum_cost_delay: 2ms # wait 2ms per 10000 cost
vacuum_cost_limit: 10000 # 10000 cost each round
bgwriter_delay: 10ms # check dirty page every 10ms
bgwriter_lru_maxpages: 800 # 100 -> 800
bgwriter_lru_multiplier: 5.0 # 2.0 -> 5.0 more cushion buffer
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# WAL
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
wal_buffers: 16MB # max to 16MB
wal_writer_delay: 20ms # wait period
wal_writer_flush_after: 1MB # max allowed data loss
min_wal_size: 100GB # at least 100GB WAL
max_wal_size: 400GB # at most 400GB WAL
commit_delay: 20 # 200ms -> 20ms, increase speed
commit_siblings: 10 # 5 -> 10
checkpoint_timeout: 60min # checkpoint 5min -> 1h
checkpoint_completion_target: 0.95 # 0.5 -> 0.95
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# REPLICATION
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# synchronous_standby_names: ''
vacuum_defer_cleanup_age: 50000 # 0->50000 last 50000 xact changes will not be vacuumed
promote_trigger_file: promote.signal # default promote trigger file path
max_standby_archive_delay: 10min # max delay before canceling queries when reading WAL from archive;
max_standby_streaming_delay: 3min # max delay before canceling queries when reading streaming WAL;
wal_receiver_status_interval: 1s # send replies at least this often
hot_standby_feedback: on # send info from standby to prevent query conflicts
wal_receiver_timeout: 60s # time that receiver waits for
max_logical_replication_workers: 8 # 4 -> 8
max_sync_workers_per_subscription: 8 # 4 -> 8
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# QUERY TUNING
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# planner
# enable_partitionwise_join: on
random_page_cost: 1.1 # 4 for HDD, 1.1 for SSD
effective_cache_size: 320GB # max mem - shared buffer
default_statistics_target: 1000 # stat bucket 100 -> 1000
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# REPORTING AND LOGGING
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
log_destination: csvlog # use standard csv log
logging_collector: on # enable csvlog
log_directory: log # default log dir: /pg/data/log
# log_filename: 'postgresql-%a.log' # weekly auto-recycle
log_filename: 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d.log' # YYYY-MM-DD full log retention
log_checkpoints: on # log checkpoint info
log_lock_waits: on # log lock wait info
log_replication_commands: on # log replication info
log_statement: ddl # log ddl change
log_min_duration_statement: 100 # log slow query (>100ms)
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# STATISTICS
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
track_io_timing: on # collect io statistics
track_functions: all # track all functions (none|pl|all)
track_activity_query_size: 8192 # max query length in pg_stat_activity
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# AUTOVACUUM
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
log_autovacuum_min_duration: 1s # log autovacuum activity take more than 1s
autovacuum_max_workers: 3 # default autovacuum worker 3
autovacuum_naptime: 1min # default autovacuum naptime 1min
autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor: 0.08 # fraction of table size before vacuum 20% -> 8%
autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor: 0.04 # fraction of table size before analyze 10% -> 4%
autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay: -1 # default vacuum cost delay: same as vacuum_cost_delay
autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit: -1 # default vacuum cost limit: same as vacuum_cost_limit
autovacuum_freeze_max_age: 100000000 # age > 1 billion triggers force vacuum
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# CLIENT
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
deadlock_timeout: 50ms # 50ms for deadlock
idle_in_transaction_session_timeout: 10min # 10min timeout for idle in transaction
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# CUSTOMIZED OPTIONS
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# extensions
shared_preload_libraries: '{{ pg_shared_libraries | default("pg_stat_statements, auto_explain") }}'
# auto_explain
auto_explain.log_min_duration: 1s # auto explain query slower than 1s
auto_explain.log_analyze: true # explain analyze
auto_explain.log_verbose: true # explain verbose
auto_explain.log_timing: true # explain timing
auto_explain.log_nested_statements: true
# pg_stat_statements
pg_stat_statements.max: 10000 # 5000 -> 10000 queries
pg_stat_statements.track: all # track all statements (all|top|none)
pg_stat_statements.track_utility: off # do not track query other than CRUD
pg_stat_statements.track_planning: off # do not track planning metrics
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# postgres
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
postgresql:
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# how to connect to postgres
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
bin_dir: {{ pg_bin_dir }}
data_dir: {{ pg_data }}
config_dir: {{ pg_data }}
pgpass: {{ pg_dbsu_home }}/.pgpass
listen: {{ pg_listen }}:{{ pg_port }}
connect_address: {{ inventory_hostname }}:{{ pg_port }}
use_unix_socket: true # default: /var/run/postgresql, /tmp
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# who to connect to postgres
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
authentication:
superuser:
username: {{ pg_dbsu }}
replication:
username: {{ pg_replication_username }}
password: '{{ pg_replication_password }}'
rewind:
username: {{ pg_replication_username }}
password: '{{ pg_replication_password }}'
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# how to react to database operations
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# event callback script log: /pg/log/callback.log
callbacks:
on_start: /pg/bin/pg-failover-callback
on_stop: /pg/bin/pg-failover-callback
on_reload: /pg/bin/pg-failover-callback
on_restart: /pg/bin/pg-failover-callback
on_role_change: /pg/bin/pg-failover-callback
# rewind policy: data checksum should be enabled before using rewind
use_pg_rewind: true
remove_data_directory_on_rewind_failure: true
remove_data_directory_on_diverged_timelines: false
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# how to create replica
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# create replica method: default pg_basebackup
create_replica_methods:
- basebackup
basebackup:
- max-rate: '1000M'
- checkpoint: fast
- status-interva: 1s
- verbose
- progress
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ad hoc parameters (overwrite with default)
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# parameters:
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# host based authentication, bootstrap only
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
pg_hba:
- local all postgres ident
- local all all md5
- host all all 0.0.0.0/0 md5
- local replication postgres ident
- local replication all md5
- host replication all 0.0.0.0/0 md5
...
最后修改 2021-01-09: fix tutorial (4d1f09c)