Vagrant
Often, in order to test a system such as a “database cluster”, users need to prepare several virtual machines in advance. Although cloud services are already very convenient, local virtual machine access is usually easier, more responsive and less expensive than cloud virtual machine access. Local VM configuration is relatively cumbersome, and Vagrant can solve this problem.
Pigsty users don’t need to understand how vagrant works, they just need to know that vagrant can simply and quickly pull up several virtual machines on a laptop, PC or Mac according to the user’s needs. All the user needs to accomplish is to express their virtual machine requirements in the form of a vagrant configuration file.
Vagrant Installation
Visit official website
https://www.vagrantup.com/downloads
Download Vagrant
最新版本为2.2.14
Vagrant Install
点击 vagrant.pkg 执行安装，安装过程需要输入密码。https://www.virtualbox.org/
Vagrantfile
https://github.com/Vonng/pigsty/blob/master/vagrant/Vagrantfile 提供了一个Vagrantfile样例。
这是Pigsty沙箱所使用的Vagrantfile，定义了四台虚拟机，包括一台2核/4GB的中控机/元节点，和3台 1核/1GB 的数据库节点。
vagrant 二进制程序根据 Vagrantfile 中的定义，默认调用 Virtualbox 完成本地虚拟机的创建工作。
进入Pigsty根目录下的vagrant目录，执行vagrant up，即可拉起所有的四台虚拟机。
IMAGE_NAME = "centos/7"
N=3 # 数据库机器节点数量，可修改为0
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.box = IMAGE_NAME
config.vm.box_check_update = false
config.ssh.insert_key = false
# 元节点
config.vm.define "meta", primary: true do |meta| # 元节点默认的ssh别名为`meta`
meta.vm.hostname = "meta"
meta.vm.network "private_network", ip: "10.10.10.10"
meta.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
v.linked_clone = true
v.customize [
"modifyvm", :id,
"--memory", 4096, "--cpus", "2", # 元节点的内存与CPU核数：默认为2核/4GB
"--nictype1", "virtio", "--nictype2", "virtio",
"--hwv·irtex", "on", "--ioapic", "on", "--rtcuseutc", "on", "--vtxvpid", "on", "--largepages", "on"
]
end
meta.vm.provision "shell", path: "provision.sh"
end
# 初始化N个数据库节点
(1..N).each do |i|
config.vm.define "node-#{i}" do |node| # 数据库节点默认的ssh别名分别为`node-{1,2,3}`
node.vm.box = IMAGE_NAME
node.vm.network "private_network", ip: "10.10.10.#{i + 10}"
node.vm.hostname = "node-#{i}"
node.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
v.linked_clone = true
v.customize [
"modifyvm", :id,
"--memory", 2048, "--cpus", "1", # 数据库节点的内存与CPU核数：默认为1核/2GB
"--nictype1", "virtio", "--nictype2", "virtio",
"--hwvirtex", "on", "--ioapic", "on", "--rtcuseutc", "on", "--vtxvpid", "on", "--largepages", "on"
]
end
node.vm.provision "shell", path: "provision.sh"
end
end
end
定制Vagrantfile
如果用户的机器配置不足，则可以考虑使用更小的N值，减少数据库节点的数量。如果只希望运行单个元节点，将其修改为0即可。
用户还可以修改每台机器的CPU核数和内存资源等，如配置文件中的注释所述，详情参阅Vagrant与Pigsty文档。
沙箱环境默认使用IMAGE_NAME = "centos/7"，首次执行时会从vagrant官方下载centos 7.8 virtualbox 镜像，确保宿主机拥有合适的网络访问权限（科学上网）！
快捷方式
Pigsty已经提供了对常用vagrant命令的包装，用户可以在项目的Makefile中看到虚拟机管理的相关命令：
make # 启动集群
make new # 销毁并创建新集群
make dns # 将Pigsty域名记录写入本机/etc/hosts （需要sudo权限）
make ssh # 将虚拟机SSH配置信息写入 ~/.ssh/config
make clean # 销毁现有本地集群
make cache # 制作离线安装包，并拷贝至宿主机本地，加速后续集群创建
make upload # 将离线安装缓存包 pkg.tgz 上传并解压至默认目录 /www/pigsty
更多信息，请参考Makefile
###############################################################
# vm management
###############################################################
clean:
cd vagrant && vagrant destroy -f --parallel; exit 0
up:
cd vagrant && vagrant up
halt:
cd vagrant && vagrant halt
down: halt
status:
cd vagrant && vagrant status
suspend:
cd vagrant && vagrant suspend
resume:
cd vagrant && vagrant resume
provision:
cd vagrant && vagrant provision
# sync ntp time
sync:
echo meta node-1 node-2 node-3 | xargs -n1 -P4 -I{} ssh {} 'sudo ntpdate pool.ntp.org'; true
# echo meta node-1 node-2 node-3 | xargs -n1 -P4 -I{} ssh {} 'sudo chronyc -a makestep'; true
# show vagrant cluster status
st: status
start: up ssh sync
stop: halt
# only init partial of cluster
meta-up:
cd vagrant && vagrant up meta
node-up:
cd vagrant && vagrant up node-1 node-2 node-3
node-new:
cd vagrant && vagrant destroy -f node-1 node-2 node-3
cd vagrant && vagrant up node-1 node-2 node-3